Investment Treaty Arbitration Guide

Investment treaty arbitration protects foreign investors against host state conduct that breaches bilateral investment treaties, the Energy Charter Treaty, or other investment protection instruments. Political risk expert witnesses provide the factual and political context that tribunals need to assess whether conduct amounted to expropriation, fair and equitable treatment breach, or other treaty violations.

Sanctions Arbitration 2025-2026 Guide

Sanctions are no longer the backdrop to international arbitration; they are the main event. Nearly 25% of ICC cases in Q1 2024 involved sanctions, and the trend is expected to continue through 2026.

Political Risk Insurance Guide

Political Risk, Trade Credit and Political Violence (PRTC) policies cover expropriation, political violence, currency inconvertibility, and contract frustration. Lloyd's market wording varies and requires careful policy analysis.

Resource Nationalism Guide

Resource nationalism has intensified in West Africa, Latin America, and Central Asia in 2024-2026. States are revoking mining licences, imposing windfall taxes, and forcing contract renegotiation to capture greater resource rents.

UK Investor-State Guide

The UK government is respondent in active investor-state arbitrations including Woodhouse/West Cumbria Mining and Mr Mikhail Fridman's claim. These cases represent the first significant UK investor-state disputes in the modern era.

ECT Sunset Provision Guide

The UK completed its withdrawal from the Energy Charter Treaty in 2025 as part of broader energy transition policy. However, the sunset provision protects existing investments until April 2045.